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Mountains and the living environment for numerous animals. Large predators are associated with the primeval forest: wolves, lynxes and ungulates. The variety of stands is favorable for the nesting of many bird species. Among them are as rare as the eagle owl and the capercaillie.It shows the traditional relationships between nature and man and the history of this area.2 929 / 5 00
Contemporary nature protection in Gorce began with the creation in 1927 of a private reserve in the estate of Count Ludwik Wodzicki. One of its initiators was the long-time administrator of these properties, Adam Starzeniaski, a member of the State Council for Nature Conservation, and the outstanding forester Tadeusz Świerz-Zaleski. This reserve, named after Władysław Orkan, covered an area of 120 ha and was the second private forest reserve in the Polish Carpathians. In the 1930s it was enlarged to 200 ha. In 1964, it was reactivated under the name "Turbacz" - them. W. Orkan and enlarged to 319 ha. In 1935, on the southern slopes of Lubań, a 10-hectare.
It is located in the territory of 5 communes: Mszana Dolna (1161 ha), Niedźwiedź (2995 ha), Kamienica (1313 ha), Nowy Targ (598 ha), Ochotnica Dolna (963 ha). Most of the area is owned by the State Treasury (6,567 ha), the rest is private (382 ha) or communal (81 ha). Apart from Turbacz, the park includes all the highest peaks of the Gorce Mountains: Jaworzyna Kamienicka (1288 m), Kiczora (1282 m), Kudłoń (1279 m), Gorc (1228 m) and Czoło Turbacza (1258 m). The symbol of the park is the spotted salamander.
In 1981, in the area where prof. Stefan Jarosz proposed to protect it as early as 1954, and the Gorce National Park began its existence. Out of the three considered park concepts, with the following areas: 13,000 hectares (S. Smólski), 9,200 hectares (J. Honowskiego) and 6,700 hectares (S. Michalika), the last variant was selected and it was also cut to 5,908 hectares. Unfortunately, the highest peak of Gorce - Turbacz - is outside its borders. Since then, the GPN has been enlarged several times and its current area is 7,030 ha, including areas of strict, active and landscape protection.
Created in 1981, it protects the central part of Gorce. The Carpathian Forest is the greatest natural wealth of these mountains. The highest hills are covered with a spruce forest, occupying the upper montane zone. Over a vast area, trees reach old age and die, giving way to the younger generation.The vast forest complex with the mosaic of glades creates the flora of the Gorce Mountains and the living environment for numerous animals. Large predators are associated with the primeval forest: wolves, lynxes and ungulates. The variety of stands is favorable for the nesting of many bird species. Among them are as rare as the eagle owl and the capercaillie.It shows the traditional relationships between nature and man and the history of this area.2 929 / 5 00
Already before World War II, the need to protect the beautiful landscape and the Gorce area of great natural value was noticed. In 1927, the owner of these lands, Ludwik Wodzicki from Poręba Wielka, established a 114 ha nature reserve. Władysław Orkan. However, the proper Gorce National Park was established only in 1981. Initially, it had an area of 5908 ha, in 1988 it was extended to 6763 ha, and later its area was increased; the status as of 2016 is 7029.85 ha [1] [2]. In 1997, a buffer zone with an area of 16 647 ha was established around the park [1].
The oldest sacred monument of GPN is the Bulanda chapel in the Jaworzyna Kamienicka Clearing.
Austrian partitioning authorities from 1782: On the validity and use of forests. It was supposed to prevent the progressive devastation of the forests of Galicia by the owners, ordering them to be used in a rational way. The Zakopane dominion also issued a circular in 1827, which introduced restrictions related to the protection of stands, forbidding the communities from Waksmund and Ostrowsko to graze goats.
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