Playing a video (Stop)
Powered by Haskell (GHC 8.8.4 )

There are two directions to the flow of air.

 

1. Exhaling ==> egressive

2. Inhaling ==> Ingressive

 

Air can be generated at three locations:

 

1. The articulatory system: Velaric

2. The phonatory system: Glottalic

3. The respiratory system: pulmonic.

 

Zawawi

The breathing muscles (Intercostal muscles)

 

The breathing muscles are very important because they are flexible and they can assume two positions.

 

1. Relaxed: When the breathing muscles are relaxed - they get bigger and they apply pressure on the walls of the lungs. As a result of this pressure a puff of air is created. This puff of air leaves the respiratory system through the bronchial tubes and the windpipe into the phonatory system. Then it goes to the articulatory system - and that's how sounds are produced. Exhaling.

==============

2. Compressed: When the breathing muscles are compressed, they get smaller and therefore, they get away from the walls of the lungs, allowing air to rush in. Inhaling.

 

Zawawi

The third system that exists alongside the speech canal is referred to as the respiratory system.

 

1. The windpipe.

2. The bronchial tubes.

3. The diaphragm.

4. The lungs.

5. The breathing muscles.

 

Zawawi

If k is followed by /n/ word initially, then the /k/ is always silent.

 

Knee, knowledge, knight, knead, knife.

 

Zawawi

1. Whispering is associated with an open position of the glottis. FALSE

 

2. In order to produce voiced consonants, the glottis has to assume a closed position. FALSE

 

3. The word Knee begins with a voiceless consonant. FALSE

 

Zawawi

1. The glottis can be in an open position - vocal cords separated - voiceless.

2. The glottis can be in a vibrating position - the vocal folds vibrate against one another - Voiced sounds.

3. Whispering position - Narrowed position: the vocal cords come close to each other without vibration - whispering is when you lower the degree of your voice so the people around you cannot understand what you're saying.

4. The closed position: the two vocal are in firm contact with one another - and this is a position necessary for the production of sounds like ʔ, ʕ, q.

 

Zawawi

Components of the phonatory system:

 

1. Glottis: The gap between the two vocal cords.

2. Pharynx: The upper part of the throat

3. Larynx: The lower part of the throat - Voice-box and Adam's apple.

4. Vocal cords - The vocal folds

 

Zawawi

Phonetics - 3/3/2025