Phonology - 27/11/2024

Allophones are PREDICTABLE from the phonetic environment where they occur.

Phonemes are NOT predictable from the phonetic environment where they occur.

Plural phoneme /s/

[s], [z], [Vz]

Cat ==> /s/

because we can predict that a voiceless consonant like /t/ can only take the plural allophone /s/

Bags ==> /z/

Because the last sound in "bag" is voiced. Therefore, we can predict that the plural allophone here is /z/

The phonetic environment is indicative of what type of allophone is to be used.

Are phonemes predictable from the phonetic environment?

NO, phonemes are not predictable from the phonetic environment where they occur.

P....

We cannot predict phonemes from the phonetic environment where they occur, but we can predict allophones.

Zawawi

s in seep is followed by unrounded vowel, but s in soup is followed by rounded vowel.

So the unrounded s and rounded s are allophone

Jana Salman

There are two allophones of the phoneme (s).

the unrounded [s] as in seep, and the rounded labialized [s] as in soup the two allophones have different pronunciation depending on whether the [s] is followed by a rounded vowel.

Jomana

s in seep is followed by unrounded vowel, but s in soup is followed by rounded vowel. In short, the unrounded s and the rounded s are allophone from the same phoneme s.

Saja Loui

The letter s is a voiceless alveolar fricative wherever it's located in a word the meaning will not change but the difference is in allophone in which in the word seep the s is unrounded but in the word soup the s is rounded depends on the the letter after it (the s )

If /S/ is followed by a back vowel, it will be labialized and rounded . However, if /S/ is follwed by a front vowel and it would be unrounded .

Therefore, we can conclude that rounded /S/ and unrounded /S/ are two members of the same sound.

Aisha

The quality of /s/ is conditioned by the phonetic environment where it occurs. If it is followed by a rounded vowel, it becomes a rounded or labialized. If it is not, it remains plain and unrounded [s]. Whether /s/ is pronounced as rounded or unrounded, meaning won’t be affected. Therefore, the rounded and unrounded /s/ are two allophones of the same phoneme, differing based on the surrounding sounds.

Dana

In this example, the words seep and soup have the same phoneme but different allophones. The main reason is that in seep it is unrounded allophone, however, the word soup has labialized rounded vowel. We can say that Rounded allophone=rounded vowel

Unrounded allophone=unrounded vowel

Amal

When a rounded vowel comes after the phoneme /s/ in soup has a rounded, labialized allophone, whereas in seep it has a plain, unrounded allophone.

Marwa

The s in seep is followed by unrounded vowel,while the s in soup is followed by rounded vowel,so the unrounded s and the rounded s is allophone from the same phoneme s .

Monia

The quality of /l/ is conditioned by the phonetic environment where it occurs. If it is followed by a vowel, then that's a clear /l/. If it is preceded by a vowel, however, then that's dark /l/. Whether /l/ is pronounced as dark or clear, meaning won't be affected. Therefore, clear and dark /l/ are two allophones of the same phoneme/two members of the same sound.

Zawawi

*Allophonic differences are pronunciation-related.

* Phonemic differences are meaning-related.

- Ordinary /n/ and dentalised /n/ ==> If /n/ is followed by a dental sound, it will be dentalised. However, this dentalization of /n/ does not constitute a change in meaning. Therefore, we can conclude that ordinary /n/ and dentalised /n/ are two members of the same sound.

Zawawi