Syntax ==> 12/12/2024

Nicer ==> the 'er' in nicer is an inflectional suffix because it serves the function of comparison.

Dancer ==> The 'er' in dancer is a derivational suffix because it does not serve the function of comparison.

Zawawi

1. Derivational

Change the meaning -Happy—>Unhappy

Change part of speech- happy—>happiness

2. Inflectional

Does not change the meaning-car—>cars

Make a grammatical change -play—>played

Leen sarsor

Examples on inflectional morphemes: taller, fastest, runs, writing

Zena sharaifa

The Derivational Bound Morphemes are added to a word to create a new word with a new meaning. They can change the part of speech of the original word for example adding the suffix (ness) to the word happy, its became happiness , its changing the adjective into a noun

But the Inflectional Bound Morphemes

added to a word to indicate grammatical features for example adding the suffix (s) to a noun like dog ( dogs ) indicates plural.

Leen ghannam

Derivational morphemes, from their name, mean deriving one word from another, in other words, changing the type of the word. Divide.. division

Inflectional morphemes, however, are more specific. They are a suffix which doesn’t change the word class but something within it like pluralisation or verb type.

Tree.. trees

Amal,

Derivational morphemes create new words that may differ significantly from the original root, also they often change the word's part of speech, like Prefix "un-" in unhappy. Suffix:"-ness" in happiness.

Inflectional morphemes keep the root word's grammatical category and basic meaning intact, that mean they add grammatical information but do not create new words, like Plural: "-s" in cats. Comparative: "-er" in smaller. Superlative: "-est" in smallest.

Sana'a

Derivational: Changes meaning or part of speech

(happy → happiness).

Inflectional: Changes grammatical form

(dog → dogs).

Derivational morphemes change the meaning fundamentally, often done by adding prefixes or suffixes, such as "un-" or "-ness." While inflectional morphemes only modify the grammatical structure, such as tense or number.

Zena sharaifa

Bound morphemes:

1. Derivational

2. Inflectional

Zawawi

Free morphemes:

1- Grammatical/functional morphemes ==> [Minor class categories] they serve a grammatical function ==> prepositions, articles, conjunctions, etc. [There is not a lot of content to them] - they are not contentful.

2- Lexical/content words ==> they are contentful ==> Major class categories: Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Zawawi

Bound morphemes:

1. Prefix: elements that are attached before the root ==> unhappy.

2. Infix: elements that are attached within the root - abso-bloody-lutley

3. Suffix: elements that are attached after the root ==> balls, teacher.

4. Circumfix: a bound morpheme of two parts, one occurring before the root and another after the root.

Zawawi

1. True;

 بعرف and بعرفش

/ش/ is a morpheme to indicate negation.

2. It is meaningful in the sense that it may cause a root change or simply cause a change in the verb type.

3. True;

A word consists of one or more morphemes. Walking. Read.

A morpheme doesn’t always stand alone by itself like the plural (s) and past (ed) morpheme.

Amal,

Morpheme classification:

- Bound morphemes: The type of morphemes that only occur if they are attached to a free morpheme.

- Free morphemes: Stand-alone words - they don't have to be attached to other morphemes.

Zawawi

1. Children as young as two years of age display some understanding of morphology (word structure).

2. A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in language.

3. Every word is a morpheme, but not every morpheme is a word.

Zawawi