Classroom Activity Lecture 12

Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R)

1.

(Age): 3 months to 80+ years

(Item): 40 items

(Purpose):

Determine a person’s level of functioning in a key behavior areas and can be administered in structured or by checklists diagnose/program planning, the SIB-R provide a comprehensive norm reference assessment of 14 areas of adaptive behavior (motor skills, social interaction, communication, personal living and communication living) and maladaptive domains (Internalise, Asocial and Externalized)

(Administration time):

45-60mins

VINELAND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR SCALES (VABS)

1) PURPOSE AND AGE

- Measuring daily functioning

- Measuring adaptive behavior

- Clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders, genetic disorders, developmental delays, emotional and behavioral disturbances as well as other mental, physical or injury

- Developmental evaluations

- Program planning

- Progress monitoring

- Age: Birth to 90 years old

2) Domain / subscales

- Communication

- Daily living

- Socialization

- Motor skills

- Maladaptive Behavior Index (optional)

3) LIMITATION

- Subjectivity (informant bias)

- Cultural and contextual bias

Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R)

3. (Limitation)

 - Time consuming

 - Focus on visible behavior only

 - Training required

 - Respond can be biased

Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R)

2. (Domain): motor skills, social interaction and communication, personal living and community living skills

 - Motor skills: gross and fine motor skills

 - Social interaction and communication

 - Personal living skills: self-care and domestic skills

 - Community living skills: time and money management, work skills and home/community orientation

Council, R., Reschly, D. J., Myers, T. G., & Hartel, C. R. (2024). The Role of Adaptive Behavior Assessment. Nih.gov; National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207541/

ABAS

Purpose

- The item content was revised with the objectives of improving the accuracy of assessment of persons with lower or higher cognitive ability, better assessing the adaptive deficits associated with three prevalent conditions (i.e. ID, autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder)

Age range

- Birth to 89 years

Limitation

- Cultural bias

- Limited contextual insights

- static measurements

DABS helps professionals understand an individual's strengths and challenges, tailor interventions, and track progress over time, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life.

DABS LIMITATION:

1) Subjectivity in Reporting:

The accuracy of the assessment depends on the reliability and honesty of the respondents (parents, teachers, caregivers). Their perceptions and biases can influence the results .

2)Training Requirements:

Proper administration and interpretation of the DABS require specific training and expertise. This might limit its use in settings where trained professionals are not available .

3)Time-Consuming:

The comprehensive nature of the DABS means that it can be time-consuming to administer, which might not be practical in some settings .

4)Focus on Deficits:

The scale primarily focuses on identifying deficits in adaptive behavior, which might overlook strengths and positive attributes of the individual .

Sources:

- Schalock, R. L., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A., Bradley, V. J., Buntinx, W. H. E., Coulter, D. L., Craig, E. M., Gomez, S. C., Lachapelle, Y., Luckasson, R., Reeve, A., Shogren, K. A., Snell, M. E., Spreat, S., Tassé, M. J., Thompson, J. R., Verdugo, M. A., Wehmeyer, M. L., & Yeager, M. H. (2010). Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (11th ed.). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD).

- Tassé, M. J., Schalock, R. L., Balboni, G., Bersani, H., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A., Spreat, S., & Thissen, D. (2012). The construct of adaptive behavior: Its conceptualization, measurement, and use in the field of intellectual disability. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117(4), 291-303.

- Harrison, P. L., & Oakland, T. (2003). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II). Western Psychological Services.

- American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD). (2010). Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS).

- Wehmeyer, M. L., & Shogren, K. A. (2017). Handbook of Positive Psychology in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Translating Research into Practice. Springer.

- Tassé, M. J., Schalock, R. L., Thompson, J. R., & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2005). Guidelines for adaptive behavior assessment: A review of 'Adaptive Behavior and Skills'. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 40(4), 458-468.

- Luckasson, R., & Schalock, R. L. (2013). Standards to guide the use of clinical judgment in the field of intellectual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 51(2), 77-80.

- Brown, I., & Percy, M. (2007). A Comprehensive Guide to Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.

- Thompson, J. R., Tassé, M. J., & McLaughlin, J. (2008). The Supports Intensity Scale: Measuring Supports Needs to Improve Support Delivery for People with Intellectual Disability. Springer.

- Karslake, S., & Braddock, D. (2008). The State of the States in Developmental Disabilities. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD).

Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale

* 260-item instrument for the entire 4-21 year age.

* 3 smaller age-related forms:

4-8 years old

9-15 years old

16-21 years old

Source: (Tassé et al., 2016)

Validity and reliability of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behaviour Scale

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283687217_Validity_and_reliability_of_the_Diagnostic_Adaptive_Behaviour_Scale

(DABS) Limitation:

Cultural bias: These scales are often standardized on a particular cultural group. This can be a problem if the person being assessed comes from a different cultural background. Their behaviors might be misinterpreted as limitations.

Limited ecological validity: The assessment often takes place in a structured setting, which may not reflect a person's true abilities in everyday life.

Informant bias: Interview-based scales rely on information from caregivers or others who may not have a completely objective view of the person's skills.

Focus on limitations: The scales primarily assess areas where a person struggles. They may not adequately capture a person's existing strengths and abilities.

Cost and scoring: Some scales require specialized training or computer programs for scoring, which can be a barrier to some professionals.

These limitations mean that diagnostic adaptive behavior scales should be used in conjunction with other assessments and observations to get a complete picture of a person's functioning

Adaptive behavior assesment (3rd Edition) 2015

1 ) purpose - useful for evaluating those with developmental delays, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disabilities, neuropsychological disorders, and sensory or physical impairments.

2) birth - 89 years old

3) three main domains :

-Conceptual (communication , functional academics and self direction)

-Social (leisure , social skills)

-Practical (Self-care , home living , community use , health and safety, work)

4) limitation :

-subjectivity (result can be influenced by the respondents perception and biases)

-cultural sensitivity

-cost (can be expensive)

This test allow us to compare development to same-age peers. Which can help to identify the strength and weakness, and monitor improvement over time <3

Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS)

Purpose:

-used to diagnose and classify disabilities and disorders

-identify strengths and weaknesses

-document and monitor progress over time

-develop treatment plans and training goals

Age range: ABAS covering birth to age 90 and 89 years

Domains/Subscales: Conceptual, Social, and Practical

Limitation:

i) Administration Time

-can take around 15 to 20 minutes to administer, which may be a limitation in certain settings where time is limited.

ii) Rater Variability

-although can be administered by multiple raters, this may also introduce variability in the assessment results

iii) Complexity

-comprehensive assessment tool, which can be complex to administer and score, especially for those without extensive experience in adaptive behavior assessments

Standardization and Norming: Standardized and normed for the US population

Psychometric Properties: Maintain good psychometric properties, making them suitable for measuring adaptive behavior in individuals with Down Syndrome

Forms and Administration: ABAS is in questionnaire form, ABAS taking 20 minutes

Specific features: ABAS is designed for a broader age range and has a shorter administration time

1. VABS - Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale

This test checks how well someone can do everyday activities like eating, dressing, and communicating.

2. ABAS - Adaptive Behavior Assessment System

This test measures how well someone can adapt to different situations and handle tasks independently.

3. SIB-R - Scales of Independent Behavior Revised

This test looks at how much someone can do on their own without help from others.

4. DABS - Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale

This test helps professionals diagnose any difficulties a person might have in daily activities and behaviors.

The respondent rates:

0 = No-rarely or never does it.

1 = Yes-does it with reminders or assistance but rarely or never independently. 2 = Yes-does it sometimes independently—but sometimes needs reminders or assistance.

3 = Yes-does it always or almost always independently—never or rarely needs reminders.

Also available,

“No Score” should be used only if

(a) the assessed person has a lack of opportunity due to cultural, gender, and/or geographic/regional factors; a lack of opportunity due to environmental constraints;

(b) the respondent has no direct knowledge of individual’s typical performance.

Source: (Tassé et al., 2016)

DABS

Domain : conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills

(Giulia Balboni et al., 2014)

DABS is to measure adaptive behaviour among people with disabilities/delay. This tools assess various skills include

1)communication

2) self-care

3) socialization

4) motor skills

Share your understanding of the 4 assessments:

1) purpose, age,

2) domain/subscales

3) limitation