Unit 11 Intro to Ecology per 2

13) Describe the flow of energy to a fourth-level consumer if the producers provide 34,000 calories of energy.

Because they don't have enough nutrients to do so. ex (drought, too much water, invasive species, predators)

1 primary producer

2 primary consumers

4 tertiary consumers

5 decomposers

they all die eventually and get returned to the life cycle

They both only eat one group of food.

1 Producer

2 Primary consumer

4 Try consumer

5 Decomposer

7) Explain the 10% rule (Where does the 90% go?)

The other 90% goes to body heat.

the energy is spent doing other functions

or it flows through the ecosystem

12) What type of organisms are at the base of all ecological pyramids?

14) In an ecosystem, voles are preyed upon by snakes and owls. The addition of hawks into the system adds another predator of the voles. What is the most likely results of the addition of the hawks?

15) How are the living creatures in an ecosystem linked?

8) Why can’t the producers in some ecosystems make an unlimited supply of organic material? (Hint: think about limiting nutrients)

energy must be recycled.

6)What goes in the empty boxes in the picture above?

4) In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?

10) What are four examples of abiotic factors in a forest environment?

3400 first level

340 second level

34 third level

3.4 fourth

 17) Given the following food web (above), identify 3 separate food chains.

25) What types of organisms recycle all nutrients in an ecosystem?

24. The removal of the producers in a food web would cause the most widespread destruction because it would have a ripple effect through every organism through out the ecosystem.

23) Explain the roles of photosynthesis and respiration in the carbon cycle.

28

800

23

cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and photosynthesis pulls c02 out the atmosphere.

28

800

28) The tertiary consumer would get 800k Cal of energy

25- Decomposers

26) Describe 2 things that could happen to the ecosystem on the right if someone suddenly released an extra 100 toads into the ecosystem. Would the whole ecosystem be able to survive? Why or why not?

29) Thinking back to the carbon cycle game, describe a process besides photosynthesis and respiration that moves carbon.

24) The removal of which organisms in a food web would cause the most widespread destruction? Why?

22) In the above food web, are there any abiotic factors? If so, what are they?

20) In the above food web, would the bear get more energy if it ate the berries or the fish? Why?

19) Which populations in the above food web would be most directly affected by a fungus that kills the cat tails? What other animals would be affected? Explain your reasoning to both.

18) Using the food web (to the left), how many energy-transferring steps away from the sun is the eagle? (Explain)

16) Why are food chains sometimes short? (hint: think of energy availability)

9) What are four examples of biotic factors in a forest environment?

the bear would get more energy fro the fish because it has a higher trophic level

There are abiotic features not mentioned such as the compounds in the soil or the water the fish swims in

Animals, Insects, Trees, fungi

All living creatures in an ecosystem are linked through nutrient cycles.

there wouldnt be as many insetcts, the other toads and the other secondary consumers would not have enough food,the ecosystem would possible survive.

Yes there are a few which are the bear, fish, turtle, crayfish, and the human

-Colin Ruther

Cattails->Crayfish->turtle->Bear->human

Cattails->Crayfish->Fish->Bear->human

Cattails-> Crayfish-> and Fly -> Fish-> Eagle

Most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as it passes to the next higher level.

10- Temperature,Water Light and soil.

The population of the snakes and owls will lower as they have to compete with hawks. The voles will also likely decrease as they have another predator.

18) 3 steps

Cat tails>dragonfly>fish>eagle

The base of the pyramid is composed of species called autotrophs, the primary producers of the ecosystem.

29.) Decomposition and Ingestion

800 KCal of energy

28-

if the phytoplankton in the ocean provides 800,000 kCal of energy how much would a tertiary consumer end up with

Nutritians, biosphere, the carbon cycle

Nutritans,biosphere, the carbon cycle

Crawdads,fish, and a turtle populations would most directly be affected by fungus killing cattails. I think that because they are all in the water.

28) If the phytoplankton (Producers) in the ocean provides 800,000 kCal of energy how much would a tertiary consumer end up with?

27) Because of biogeochemical cycling, ________________________ are circulated throughout the _________________. Example of a nutrient cycling would be _________.

Energy on the other hand is different BECAUSE

(where does energy come from, and where does it go?)

21) In the above food web, are there any omnivores? Explain