Universe Study Guide per 6

Kelvin and celcius are different measurements of temperature. The boiling point of water in Kelvin is 357.15. The boiling point of water in celcius is 100.

spiral(the spiral arms)

elliptical(have no particular shape)

Irregular(dosent fit any other category)

Young stars start with hydrogen and makes helium

The big bang happened 13.8 billion years ago. We believe that the first star was formed when our universe was only 100 million years old even the first galaxy. Our solar system was formed 4.5 billion years ago with dense clouds, gas and dust.

A protostar

The first element to ever form was hydrogen. Hydrogen was formed after the Big Bang when the universe had spread out then cooled.

Kelvin is where atoms are not moving at all, Celsius is the freezing point of water.

A relationship between a star's temperature and its luminosity

A star

Planets form in the accretion disk.

1. What information does the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram tell you?

2. Young stars start with (what element)_____________and fuse it into (what element) ______________.

3. Before fusion starts in a star it is technically a what?

4. The first element to form was ____________________ WHY?

9. Diagram the events of the universe (include how long ago, and the following events - big bang, the formation of the first stars and galaxies, the formation of our solar system)

big bang → 1st stars and galaxies → our solar system is formed

10. Where do planets form?

12. What is Kelvin? How does it compare to Celsius? (what is the boiling point and freezing point in each?)

11. What are the three types of galaxies? (How can you tell them apart?)

Sirius B has a spectral class between O and B

D-2

Chromosphere, Photosphere, Convection zone, radiative zone, core

The big bang

Vega has a luminosity of 100

It's called 'nuclear fusion' they combined atoms and hydrogen to make more elements.

The produce elements in a process called nuclear fusion.

15a- sun- red giant-white dwarf-black dwarf

Move apart because of dark energy and move together because of gravity

A DSO is a deep space object

18. a planet outside of the solar system

there will be a cosmic web of galaxies, filaments, clusters, and cosmic voids

Achernar then red supergiant then super nova then if the core survives with a mass less than 3 solar masses is becomes a neutron star but if it dose not have enough mass it becomes a black hole.

3000 k

No

1. the sun was formed

2. the ocean was created

3. all the planets were formed

The big rip- Gravity pulls everything apart and destroys everything

The big freeze- Everything gets too cold and everything/anyone dies

The big crunch- everything collides into each other

they are used for keeping track of certain stars for astronomers

and stargazers such as the phoenix constellation with the star Ankaa

15b. Diagram the cycles of a stars like 5x our sun's mass

15a. Diagram the cycles of a stars like our Sun from protostar to their last stages

5. According to the H-R diagram what is the luminosity of Vega?

6. According to the H-R diagram, what is the temperature of Betelgeuse?

7. According to the H-R diagram, What spectral class is Sirius B?

14. How does the story of our solar system start 6 billion years ago?

13. Diagram the convection zone, core, corona, photosphere, and the radiative zone, what is the distinctive characteristics of each layer?

16. How do stars produce new elements?

17. If you were traveling away from Earth to the edge of the universe what would you see?

18. What is an exoplanet?

19. What is a DSO?

20. What are constellations used for? (Three practical examples)

21. Was our solar system always this way? Give 3 examples of how it has changed over time.

22. Galaxies move apart because of ____________and stick together because of _______________.

23. What are the 3 theories on how the universe will end? Briefly explain what each means.