1) simile - discribe by comparing using like of as
Here it is hot as Africa.
2) Metaphor - Without like or as. We say X is Y
Babies are little angels.
3) Personification - describe something that it is a person.
The wind is angry today
4) Hyperbole - Overstatement, exaggeration
your luggage weighs a ton.
5) allusions - Comparison referencing to characters from literature, movie or culture.
She is beautiful as Aphrodite.